Glossary and Resources
Glossary
Resources
Fausto-Sterling, Anne. 2018. “Opinion | Why Sex is Not Binary.” The New York Times, October 26. https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/25/opinion/sex-biology-binary.html Roughgarden J. 2013. Evolution’s rainbow: diversity, gender, and sexuality in nature and people. University of California Press. https://www.ucpress.edu/book/9780520280458/evolutions-rainbow Karkazis, Katrina, Rebecca Jordan – Young, Georgiann Davis, and Silvia Camporesi. 2010. “Out of Bounds? A Critique of the New Policies on Hyperandrogenism in Elite Female Athletes.” The American Journal of Bioethics: AJOB 12(7):3-16. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5152729/ Richardso, Sarah S. 2013. Sex Itself: The Search for Male and Female in the Human Genome. Chicago. https://scholar.harvard.edu/srichard/publications/sex-itself-search-male-and-female-human-genome Intersex Justice Project. https://www.intersexjusticeproject.org/ “Beyond the Gender Binary” by Alok Vaid-Menon https://alokvmenon.myshopify.com/products/beyond-the-gender-binary-book “Seeing Gender: an Illustrated Guide to Identity and Expression” by Iris Gottlieb https://www.irisgottlieb.com/books “What does “Two-Spirit” Mean?” by Inqueery and them. featuring Geo Neptune. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A4lBibGzUnEWhat Does Intersex Mean? By InQueery and them. Featuring Maria Tridas. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n_5l2fwWGco “Gender Variance Around the World Over Time” by Lucy Diavolo for Teen Vogue. https://www.teenvogue.com/story/gender-variance-around-the-world“82: The Public Universal Friend (P.U.F).” Your Queer Story. https://yourqueerstory.com/the-public-universal-friend/ Public Universal Friend. Throughline, NPR. https://www.npr.org/2020/03/04/812092399/public-universal-friend .
Disclaimer: Many historians use exclusively “she/her,” exclusively “he/him,” or a mix of “she/her and he/him” pronouns for the Public Universal Friend (PUF), along with using the PUF’s assigned name at birth when referring to them. Please note that this explicitly goes against the PUF’s stated wishes to not be referred to with gendered language or by the name given at birth. It is very common even today for out transgender people to be misnamed and misgendered both in life and in death, and so while disappointing, it is unsurprising to see historians fall victim to implicit bias around a historical figure who broke social rules of gender. While Aspen does often use “they/them” pronouns in reference to the PUF, it is good to point out that there are many individuals who do not use any pronouns at all.
A genderless prophet drew hundreds of followers long before the age of nonbinary pronouns. The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/history/2020/01/05/long-before-theythem-pronouns-genderless-prophet-drew-hundreds-followers/